A team of specialists quantified land use on the Oʻahu coast over the period 1928–2015 and concluded that state and national coastal zone management practices will require new policies, or more effective ways for implementing existing policies.
In response, Mayor Caldwell issued a formal directive to all city departments and agencies to take action in order to address, minimize the risks from and adapt to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise.
Researchers from the International Pacific Research Center say the combination of rising sea levels and wave-driven flooding will cause tremendous damage.