Summary of
Bioremediation Technologies

The following table summarizes the media and contaminants applicable to each bioremediation technology covered in this database.

Technology	Applicable Media	Target Contaminants
Phytoremediation
Phytoextraction	brownfields; sediments; soil;  groundwater	metals - Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn
Phytostabilization	sediments; soil	metals - As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn  hydrophobic organics - DDT, dieldrin,     dioxins, furans, PAH, PCB, PCP
Phytostimulation	sediments; soil; wastewater  (land  application)	organics - aromatics, PAH, pesticides
Phytotransformation	groundwater; landfill  leachate;  soil; wastewater (land application)	ammunition wastes - RDX, TNT  aromatics - BTEX  chlorinated aliphatics - TCE  herbicides - atrazine, alachlor  hydrocarbons - TPH  nutrients - NO3 (-), NH4 (+), PO4 (3-)
Rhizofiltration	groundwater; water and  wastewater in lagoons or  constructed wetlands	hydrophobic organics  metals - Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn  radionuclides - 137Cs, 90Sr, U
Constructed Wetlands	domestic wastewater; landfill  leachate; livestock wastewater;  pulp mill effluent; septage	BOD, TDS, TSS  NO2, NO3, NH3, NH4  coliforms - fecal, total  metals - Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn  nutrients - Al, Fe, K, Mn, P
Bioaugmentation
Biodegradation	groundwater; sludge; soil	COD  organics - BTEX  NAPL  pesticides  solvents
Biostimulation
Bioventing	soil	non-chlorinated hydrocarbons  pesticides  petroleum hydrocarbons  wood preservatives
Chemical Oxidation of      Soils	soil; wastewater	inorganic contaminants
In situ Lagoon	sludge; soil	hydrocarbons - BTEX, PAH, other  phenols
Bioreactors
Compost-based reactor	lagoon sediments; municipal and  refinery sludge; soil	ethylene glycol  explosives  hydrocarbons - PAH  PCP  pesticides
Slurry-based reactor	groundwater; sludge; soil	acetic acid  explosives - TNT  hydrocarbons - BTEX, PAH  pesticides  petrochemicals  wood preservatives
Land-based Treatments
Composting	lagoon sediments; municipal  sludge; soil	ethylene glycol  explosives  hydrocarbons - PAH  PCP  pesticides
Land Farming	sediment; sludge; soil	hydrocarbons - TPH  PCP  pesticides
Fungal Remediation
White-rot Fungus	soil	CAH, PCB, polychlorinated     dibenzo(p)dioxins  explosives - TNT  hydrocarbons - PAH  pesticides - DDT, lindane  some azo dyes

BOD: biochemical oxygen demand
BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene
CAH: chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons
COD: chemical oxygen demand
DDT: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
NAPL: non-aqueous phase liquid
PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PCB: polychlorinated biphenyl
PCP: pentachlorophenol
RDX: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
TCE: trichloroethylene
TDS: total dissolved solids
TNT: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
TPH: total petroleum hydrocarbons
TSS: total suspended solids

Back to Technologies Page

 [UHM | HNEI | CTAHR | Home | Comments and Questions]